What causes tooth sensitivity?

05 Jun

What causes tooth sensitivity?

If you experience a sharp, sudden pain when enjoying hot coffee, cold ice cream, or even brushing your teeth, you’re not alone. Tooth sensitivity affects millions of people and can range from mildly uncomfortable to quite painful. But what exactly causes this sensitivity?

Understanding Tooth Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, happens when the protective layers of your teeth are compromised. Normally, your enamel—the hard outer layer—protects the softer dentin beneath it. The dentin contains tiny tubules that lead to nerve endings inside the tooth. When enamel wears away or gums recede, these tubules become exposed, allowing stimuli like temperature changes or acidic foods to trigger pain.

Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity

Enamel Erosion: Acidic foods and drinks (like citrus fruits, soda, or wine), aggressive brushing, or teeth grinding (bruxism) can wear down enamel over time.
Gum Recession: When gums pull back from the teeth, the exposed root surfaces (which are not covered by enamel) become sensitive.
Tooth Decay or Cavities: Cavities expose the dentin or pulp, causing sensitivity and pain.
Cracked or Chipped Teeth: Damage to a tooth can expose the underlying dentin or nerves.
Recent Dental Procedures: Treatments like fillings, teeth whitening, or cleanings can temporarily increase sensitivity.
Use of Whitening Products: Some whitening treatments can cause temporary sensitivity.
Plaque Buildup: Excess plaque near the gumline can cause sensitivity by irritating the gums.

How to Manage Tooth Sensitivity

Use Desensitizing Toothpaste: These toothpastes contain compounds that help block pain signals from the tooth surface to the nerve.
Avoid Acidic Foods and Drinks: Limit consumption of acidic substances and rinse your mouth with water afterward.
Gentle Brushing: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoid aggressive brushing.
Good Oral Hygiene: Regular brushing and flossing help prevent gum disease and decay.
Visit Your Dentist: If sensitivity persists, your dentist can diagnose the cause and recommend treatments such as fluoride varnishes, dental bonding, or gum grafts.

When to See a Dentist

If your tooth sensitivity is severe, lasts more than a few weeks, or is accompanied by other symptoms like swelling, pain when biting, or visible damage, it’s important to see your dentist promptly.

Final Thoughts

Tooth sensitivity is a common issue but can usually be managed effectively with the right care. Understanding the causes helps you protect your teeth and enjoy your favorite foods and drinks without discomfort.

Tag: doctor, medicine